Welcome to the digital era of biology (and to this modest blog I started in early 2005). To cure many diseases, like cancer or cystic fibrosis, we will need to target genes (mutations, for ex.), not organs!

I am convinced that the future of replacement medicine (organ transplant) is genomics (the science of the human genome). In 10 years we will be replacing (modifying) genes; not organs!

Swimwear black black bikini two-piece black two piece set high waisted cut-out bikini black swimwear plus size kelly brook cut-out black trikini black cutout swimwearr bustier bikini curvy caged one piece swimsuit high waisted bikini high waisted swim bot.

Anticipating the $100 genome era and the P4™ medicine revolution. P4 Medicine (Predictive, Personalized, Preventive, & Participatory): Catalyzing a Revolution from Reactive to Proactive Medicine. I am an early adopter of scientific MOOCs.

I've earned myself four MIT digital diplomas: 7.00x, 7.28x1, 7.28.x2 and 7QBWx. Instructor of 7.00x: Eric Lander PhD.

Upcoming books: Airpocalypse, a medical thriller (action taking place in Beijing) 2017; Jesus CRISPR Superstar, a sci-fi -- French title: La Passion du CRISPR (2018). I love Genomics. Would you rather donate your data,. Your vital organs? Imagine all the people sharing their data. Audio files on this blog are Windows files; if you have a Mac, you might want to use VLC ( ) to read them.

Concernant les fichiers son ou audio (audio files) sur ce blog: ce sont des fichiers Windows; pour les lire sur Mac, il faut les ouvrir avec VLC (). Aaron Swartz with decades in prison.

(Credit: U.S. Department of Justice) Human Rights Lawyer Explains Why He's Working For Kim Dotcom: Exposing American Corruption from the corruption-laundering dept 'We recently wrote about how Kim Dotcom has to explore whether or not there's a human rights angle to his case, specifically alleging 'contract prosecution' by the entertainment industry. I'm still somewhat skeptical that such an argument could go anywhere, but Amsterdam himself has put up a rather detailed blog post,, which may seem quite different than his usual fare: taking on corruption and human rights violations in far flung parts of the world, including Africa and Latin America. After highlighting the many problems with the case (and the continued failures in court to date), as well as the close ties prosecutor Neil MacBride has with big copyright holders, h e points out that he sees some serious similarities to what's happening here with the kind of corruption he's witnessed in third world nations. This case highlights not only the issue of 'state capture' by the Hollywood lobby, but at the same time should lead to a thoughtful discussion on how we define corruption. No one would venture to allege that there is any form of cash payment taking place when official bodies appear to act at the behest of special interests motives. Because that’s not how these groups work.

It is a demonstration of the growing ambiguity of the lines between regulators and the regulated, and the proper role of intellectual property in the digital age. As we’ve seen in the sad and tragic case of Aaron Swartz, for whom Prosecutor Carmen Ortiz was seeking 13 criminal charges and more than 50 years in jail, the American justice system is increasingly flawed by this prosecutorial exuberance aimed at future political reward. It is one thing when the victims of these abuses are American citizens, who live at the whim of an unaccountable prosecutorial machine driven by personal political ambitions and an appetite for headlines. It is something else entirely when these prosecutors visit their ambitions upon foreign citizens, charging them with heinous crimes with no basis under law, even if that person has never once set foot inside the United States (like Kim Dotcom). That is, he appears to be aware of the nature of that's going on -- using the close connection between big businesses and governments to create laws where people can make the case that cracking down on some behavior is necessary to stop crime, but where the details show it's really about cracking down on competition and innovation. And, he notes, this sort of activity is a huge stain on the US and the federal government: With this attempt to 'colonize' the global internet under U.S. Laws, Washington is quickly making a bad name for itself, and putting its considerable influence on the wrong side of digital rights, free markets, and competitive innovation.

They do this in the name of protecting a broken business model, subsidizing monopolies, and seeking to destroy crucial online functions instead of adapting to the incredible opportunity afforded to them through mass connectivity. We deserve better, we can do better, and everyone can benefit from a more reasonable approach focused on the best interests of the public, not the best interests of lobbyists and the politicians in their pockets. We see this as a grand ideological debate with far-reaching implications, and sadly, my lengthy experience in countries where special interests control the levers of power may have some utility here.

Even if there isn't a legal human rights angle, it should be interesting to see what Amsterdam turns up. This growing recognition of how laws are created to benefit legacy players, and then used against innovators, is a real problem. Shining more light on that would be tremendously helpful in actually promoting important innovations.'

Please also read: '.' Here are some previsions for the Year of the Water Snake. I found them.

OVERALL PROJECTION 'This is the tenth year of the Lower '8' Cycle of the world. Based on I-Jing, while the period between 1984 and 2043 (totaling 60 years) is 'Fire-Wind Urn', the year 2013 is 'Mountain-Thunder Rhythm'. I-Jing Analysis' 'Mountain-Thunder Rhythm' contains 2 'Yang’s' to surround 4 'Yin’s'. While the outside seems to be solid, the inside is empty. Hence it is a year of conservation, a year of rebuilding and a year of changes. Life Chart Analysis This year is composed of 'water snake' year, 'wooden tiger' month, 'metal ox' day and 'earth rat' hour.

While its year and month are in conflict, its day and hour connect. The year would begin with many uncertainties but end up on a high tune. There is an over-abundance of wood and fire, which become negative elements for the year.

Elements of 'earth, metal and water' would serve the year better. Flying-Star Analysis The '5-yellow' star is the controlling force of this year. This sign is a very turbulent one. It would bring the world to extremities – good or bad. Its nature is 'earth'. Countries in both south and north would do better than those in the east or west.

China would control to lead the world’s economy. Western countries would continue to suffer from economic instabilities. The following would outline an analysis of orientations, businesses, politics, economies, climates and health, totaling 6 important factors affecting all of us. An eco brand, that is, a sustainable, ethical luxury brand very much captures the 'Zeitgeist' (especially in NY).

What's behind the lofty or grand purpose, exactly? Janice Sullivan, CEO of EDUN, explains., fashion and travel journalist. ' As if the fashion business is not tough enough, Janice Sullivan must also meet Bono and Ali Hewson’s lofty aims for a niche eco label they founded to help lift Africa out of poverty.

There are times when I’m sitting with a Chief executive, who is completely ‘on message’, brilliant at expressing the ‘pillars’ of the brand and at talking through an impressive bottom line, yet I’m thinking, 'Yes, but you could be selling paint.' There are other times – rarer these – when I meet a CEO who is perhaps more tentative at first, yet utterly equipped for the unique challenges of the fashion business. A latter case is Janice Sullivan. As she puts it herself, 'I come from the back room. I’m hands on.

I am all about product.' Sullivan, an immaculate New York honey blonde in her mid 40s, does not have an expensive MBA. Instead, she has a roll-up-your-sleeves understanding of the logistics of making clothes and accessories in any part of the world. She knows her fabrics; she can tell at a glance how many you can cut of this and how long it is going to take to add beading. 'I started out in production; [was] then in product development; then in merchandising, then took over sales,' says Sullivan, who grew up on the Jersey shore looking across to Manhattan and whose career in New York City, until 18 months ago, involved switching back and forth between Calvin Klein and Donna Karan as she climbed the ladder at two iconic America brands. She was president of Calvin Klein Jeans when Mark Weber, who helms the LVMH business in the US, (which these days includes Donna Karan), asked her to take on a considerable challenge. She is now the CEO of Edun.'

Professor Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, has for the first time in the world generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells which can grow into any tissue of the body from the skin. Researchers are currently carrying out projects all over the world in order to, investigate the practical use of iPS cells in medicine. At the press conference after winning the prize, Professor Yamanaka thanked people for cooperating with his research and expressed his aspirations for the future, saying 'I’d like my research to be of use to patients after it overcomes some safety concerns'.' Had a talk this morning with some consultant from BCG (Boston Consulting Group).

It was about this European genome sequencing business, DNA Vision, based in Brussels, Belgium. DNA's website mentions: ' The first next-generation sequencing system has been launched in 2005 by 454 and Roche. It has been continuously improved so far with the FLX system in 2007 and the Titanium chemistry in 2008. DNAVision provides from deveral years high quality sequencing services using the Genome Sequencer FLX system (Roche).

This breakthrough technology, producing more than 1 Million reads of 450 nt per run, is particularly well-suited for several applications: Metagenomics Other applications For more details about the Next Gen sequencing services at DNAVision, click here. DNAvision provides flexible solutions on 1/2, 1/4 or 1/8 plate combined with sample multiplexing through MID adapters. This flexibility is particularly interesting for de novo bacteria sequencing, metagenomic studies. DNAVision's service with Roche Genome Sequencer FLX system Up to 450Mb per run obtained for one to 192 samples Flexibility in experimental design - partial plate sequencing is provided Fast data turnaround - 10 hours per run State-of-the-art bioinformatics support.' () Roche is a pharmaceutical lab selling immunosuppressive drugs. The company even got a 'reward' for that.

In 2010, for testing Cellcept, a transplant anti-rejection drug, in China. 'The Public Eye Award in the category Swiss and People was given to the Swiss health care-company Roche for the selling of the medicament 'Cell Cept' in China, where over 90% of the organs for transplantation comes from executed prisoners - against their own will.' ().It is against Roche's own interests to help develop regenerative medicine and genomics, as these will make organ transplants from brain-dead patients redundant.( ). Or maybe Roche will orient its business towards some more innovative stuff, like using DNA to? Jean-Michel Billaut, French @nthropologist and Net Economy specialist: ' Technically, it's possible to store1 million CD's in one gram of DNA, for 10.000 years! Will digital stuff find a new format?

From silicium and binary system (0 and 1) to DNA and four-letter-language? (A,T,C,G: the four letters of our Homo Sapiens' Operating System).

A change of civilisation?' The BCG consultant says 'Big Pharma' is having serious difficulties reorienting itself, from the molecule to the digitalized preventive medicine (genomics is 1% biology, 99% data: probability and statistics).

He gave me an example (case in point): Kodak, one of the worldwide leaders in argentic photography, used to have a 'digital photo lab'. Not exactly because they wanted to help develop digital photography.

On the contrary: they wanted to make sure they'd be able to delay its progress. 19th of Jan., 2012: Kodak is officially bankrupt. Kim Dotcom, the founder of Megaupload, has launched a new file-sharing website a year after he was accused by US prosecutors of facilitating massive online piracy said to have cost the entertainment industry $500m (£315m).

Kim Dotcom (Megaupload, Mega) wants to encrypt half of Internet: 'Total government spying must stop!' He says Hollywood media are colluding with American government. This give and take relationship between politics (laws) and media results in a hidden assault on our civil rights. Except that in Kim's experience, the assault had nothing to do with 'hidden'.

Megaupload shutdown had been spectacular. Staged like some Hollywood drama. Well, Kim is back. Alive and kicking (some serious ass). Since, a few days ago, he has re-opened 'Mega', but this time neither the government (or Hollywood) nor him can access the data on Mega.

Everything's encrypted. On hence, Kim denies, more than ever, responsibility for major (Hollywood) copyright breach. Kim Dotcom's Mega service offers 50GB of data storage – and it is all perfectly legal. What happened one year ago? Hollywood and the US government found Kim very dangerous and they wanted to 'destroy' him once and for all. Kim got through by the skin of his teeth and is back stronger than ever, with.

The biggest Internet disruption ever. Apple, Google have proven to be less dispruptive than Mega. Google provide various governments with the info they request. They are not exactly zealous about it, but they do as requested.

If half of the Internet becomes encrypted, governments might find it much harder to spy on would be terrorists. Google artificial intelligence is building (and thriving) on the open Internet - not on the encrypted one. On the other hand, patients might be happy to put their medical data on Mega. No confidentiality breach. Mega could become a major competitor to Google +. This is the biggest disruption ever, nobody can tell about the consequences of an Internet (massive) encryption.

Well I guess Kim didn't want to end up like, a student and Internet (public-access) activist, who thought information should be free. The question is: should violating a site's Terms of Service land you in jail? (U.S.) government(s) (and Hollywood) appear to have proven greedy. Let's just hope that Kim's counter-attack will proceed otherwise (not just based on the same abuse of power). You may want to think about a new profession if you’re considering working in the food and service industry in China.

And I'm not talking about 'Noodle Bot' here (a robot to make sliced-noodles). 'The Robot Restaurant opened in [a Chinese city] in June and has taken the F&B industry in China further into the mechanized world. Robot Restaurant staffs a total of 20 robots as waiters, cooks and busboys. Turns out 'Noodle Bot' might need to expand its repertoire if it hopes to compete with Robot Restaurant’s 18 different kinds of service robots. Upon arrival, Usher Robot welcomes customers to the restaurant and directs them to the seating area. Patrons can then place their order, which is relayed by humans to one of the four robot chefs who are able to cook various styles of dumplings and noodles.

The robot chefs even determine the temperature and ingredients for each dish and usually take about 3 minutes to prepare the average order. These robot chefs are no slouches either. The kitchen staff is able to prepare a menu of over 30 dishes–perfect for a family dinner.

Waitress robots carry the food to customers by following a track that uses sensors placed under the floor for spatial awareness. Additionally, each robot comes equipped with its own sensors, helping it to avoid obstructions such as a kid that’s in its way. The robots were designed and built by a local firm, the Harbin Haohai Robot Company. Each robot costs between 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese yuan (US$31,500 – US$47,000) with an additional 5 million yuan (US$790,000) invested into the restaurant itself. With the average Robot Restaurant meal costing less than 62 yuan (US$10), the restaurant is not meant to earn Harbin Haohai money. Instead, it turns out the restaurant is just a brilliant piece of marketing.'

Old Street Roundabout (East End): the New 'Silicon Valley' in London? 'London’s so-called 'Silicon Roundabout' east of downtown can appear underwhelming. The attached Tube station is decrepit, the shops below ground are tatty, and at night its psychogeography seems deliberately designed to attract muggers and thieves. It doesn’t get much better above the surface. Traffic swirls around the unwieldy Old Street roundabout, which is dominated by a huge billboard. Nearby City Road stretches north for a mile from the Thames and the City of London, home to London’s banks and finance. The cityscape is depressing.

Nothing seems to have been built since the area’s halcyon days of printing in the 1970s and 1980s, when it served the newspaper industry on nearby Fleet Street. Here, it feels as if it rains every day.

SEE ALSO: But just because it's ugly doesn’t mean it's unimportant. The Silicon Roundabout is the center of London’s emerging tech cluster; behind the disappointing facade, interesting things are brewing. Civic and Angel Investment. ==>'Over recent years, in gift shops and online retailers, there has been an explosion in one theme: ‘Keep Calm and Carry On’. Originally a poster from Britain during the, you can now buy the simple but reassuring message on almost anything, ready for display in your house or office.

There’s just one small problem: the poster wasn’t used during the war, and hardly anyone ever saw it. Thanks to doctoral research from Dr. Rebecca Lewis, we now know the story.

The Unused Poster In 1939, it became apparent to many people in Britain that a war on the continent was inevitable. Had broken promise after promise, and there seemed little chance he wouldn’t take a decision which provoked war.

To this end, Britain’s Ministry of Information decided that one thing which might suffer during the war, especially during the aerial bombardment many had calculated would cause massive losses, was the civilian morale. To this end it was decided – although not without objections – to create five million morale boosting posters which could be quickly pasted up. Designs were created, and three soon went into action. The first pair bore the following messages: ‘Freedom is in Peril: Defend it with all Your Might’, and ‘Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution will bring us Victory’. These were handed out while a third, the now iconic ‘Keep Calm and Carry On’ was held back to be used when the German bombing campaign really bit. Other, more specific, posters were also created, such as one explaining ‘Our Fighting Men Depend on You’, aimed at docks and factories.

But the first period of the war passed without this bombing, and so Keep Calm, all two and a half million copies, remained in storage. By the time the Germans did start bombing Britain in the, feedback had passed back to the Ministry that people didn’t like the posters, that they found them patronising, so they were never used. The Ministry had to defend itself against accusations of waste and stupidity, and most Calm Calms were pulped, with only a rare few passed into the hands of collectors and museums. 21st Century Icon So why is this poster so well known in Britain, and growing popularity elsewhere? In 2000, the owner of Barter Books purchased a box of potential stock at an auction, and found an original Keep Calm and Carry On poster at the bottom.

He put it up behind the desk, and after being inundated with requests, printed a few more, and then – after gaining government permission – released a modern version. No trademark was sought, and others jumped on the bandwagon. Thanks to Britain’s nostalgia for the idea of plucky wartime Brits keeping calm, a twenty first century icon was born out of a failed wartime idea barely anyone actually saw. But thanks to the poster, and now the mugs etc.

Etc., people believe this was a key wartime edict. And, of course, people did just what the poster said just without the poster. Lewis’ full Doctoral Thesis – ‘’ - is available online under a Creative Commons licence here. She maintains a blog tracking the murky legal battles which have sprung up as people have chased the money.' • If it were a country, New Orleans (with a rate 62.1 gun murders per 100,000 people) would rank second in the world. • Detroit's gun homicide rate (35.9) is just a bit less than El Salvador (39.9). • Baltimore's rate (29.7) is not too far off that of Guatemala (34.8).

• Gun murder in Newark (25.4) and Miami (23.7) is comparable to Colombia (27.1). • Washington D.C. (19) has a higher rate of gun homicide than Brazil (18.1).

• Atlanta's rate (17.2) is about the same as South Africa (17). • Cleveland (17.4) has a higher rate than the Dominican Republic (16.3). • Gun murder in Buffalo (16.5) is similar to Panama (16.2).

• Houston's rate (12.9) is slightly higher than Ecuador's (12.7). • Gun homicide in Chicago (11.6) is similar to Guyana (11.5). • Phoenix's rate (10.6) is slightly higher than Mexico (10). • Los Angeles (9.2) is comparable to the Philippines (8.9). • Boston rate (6.2) is higher than Nicaragua (5.9). • New York, where gun murders have declined to just four per 100,000, is still higher than Argentina (3).

• Even the cities with the lowest homicide rates by American standards, like San Jose and Austin, compare to Albania and Cambodia respectively. Yes, it's true we are comparing American cities to nations.

But most of these countries here have relatively small populations, in many cases comparable to large U.S. The sad reality is that many American cities have rates of gun homicides comparable to the some of the most violent nations in the world.' Editor of Genome Medicine, Rebecca Furlong, said 'We are delighted that Genome Medicine's success will be recognized with an Impact Factor, and would like to thank our Section Editors, Editorial Board, and all our authors, reviewers and readers for their support.' 'Genome Medicine publishes peer-reviewed research articles, new methods and software tools in all areas of medicine studied from a post-genomic perspective. The journal also provides review and comment on the latest advances in translational genomics and personalized medicine, and their implications for the clinical and ethical management of human health and disease.'

Leads the way in a long list of BioMed Central journals that have recently been accepted for Impact Factor tracking by Thomson Reuters. The newly tracked journals will soon appear on Web of Science, and should receive their first Impact Factors in June this year. This is a whole new world to me, and a fascinating one. TOKYO: 'Researchers in Japan said (.) they have succeeded in for the first time in a potential breakthrough for millions with damaged organs who are dependent on dialysis. Kidneys have a complex structure that is not easily repaired once damaged, but the latest findings put scientists on the road to helping a diseased or distressed organ fix itself. Of Kyoto University said his team had managed to take stem cells -- the 'blank slates' capable of being programmed to become any kind of cell in the body -- and nudge them specifically in the direction of kidney tissue.

'It was a very significant step,' he told AFP (French Press Agency). Osafune said they had succeeded in generating intermediate mesoderm tissue from the stem cells, a middle point between the blank slate and the finished kidney tissue. 'There are about 200 types of cells in the human body, but this tissue grows into only three types of cells,' namely adrenal cells, reproductive gland cells and kidney cells, he said, adding that as much as 90 percent of cultures in their research developed into viable mesoderm tissue. This embryonic intermediary can be grown either in test tubes or in a living host into specific kidney cells. Osafune and his team created part of a urinary tubule, a small tube in the kidney that is used in the production of urine. While the research is not aimed at growing an entire working kidney, he said the method his team had developed would help scientists learn more about intermediate mesoderm development and may provide a source of cells for regenerative therapy.

'I would say that we have arrived at the preliminary step on the road to the clinical level,' he said. Osafune's research is published in online science journal Nature Communications.' Contact info: osafune-g@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp. A friend of mine is getting married soon. I'm striving to help her prepare the perfect day. I looove singing along that one (). Group Chorus: Wedding, a wedding, we're going to have a wedding, a wedding!

(repeats) Spider Chorus: The spiders think you're very cute, but goodness knows you need a suit. But have no fears, we're quite adept, we'll have you looking lovely(7Xs)yet. A little stitch, a little tuck, some tender loving care. A little thread will fix you up and we've got plenty as you see, And personally guarantee our quality repairs. A little here, a fix of this, We're going to do our very best.

When everybody sees you, they'll all be quite impressed. They will all be quite impressed. (This audio file is intended for Windows users. If you have a Mac, use to open it.) Information means power. Yeah, and let's keep that to ourselves (power and information), says World 1.0. Yeah, and let's share.

Says World 2.0. Are leakers of information criminals? Swartz, a student and Internet (public-access) activist, thought information should be free. Until she was accused of driving the 26-year-old cyber wunderkind and public-access activist to, the top federal prosecutor in Massachusetts was a liberal’s dream. You know what? This ( U.S Attorney Carmen Ortiz ) is just too much. The Inquisition is not dead, it has morphed.

At other times, this young man would have been a hero, or a pirate (probably pretty much exactly amounts to the same thing). Never would he have been forced to take. His own life. Aaron Swartz wanted to create some sort of Academic Wikipedia, enabling people to access the MIT academic database by just accessing the Internet.

To cut it short, Swartz did what I would have done had I been gutsy and brainy. American legals have gone crazy over this 'copyright' thing.

Which role exactly did the MIT play in this sorry story? I'm eager to hear aerospace engineer (graduated from MIT) discuss this, and so are. 12.83 million viewers.

'We can rightly judge a society by how it treats its eccentrics and deviant geniuses—and by that measure, we have utterly failed. I knew Swartz, although not well. And while he was special on account of his programming abilities, in another way he was not special at all: he was just another young man compelled to act rashly when he felt strongly, regardless of the rules. In another time, a man with Swartz’s dark drive would have headed to the frontier. Perhaps he would have ventured out into the wilderness, like T. Lawrence or John Muir, or to the top of something death-defying, like Reinhold Messner or Philippe Petit. Swartz possessed a self-destructive drive toward actions that felt right to him, but that were also defiant and, potentially, law-breaking.

Like Henry David Thoreau, he chased his own dreams, and he was willing to disobey laws he considered unjust. Swartz’s frontier was not geographic like Thoreau’s, but defined by other barriers unique to our times. His form of civil disobedience consisted of heading into an M.I.T. Closet with a laptop, hooking it up to the Internet, and downloading millions of articles from JSTOR, an academic database.

Swartz thought information should be free. It wasn’t a major coup, but it counts as a defiant act—and one that made its point, for it was, and remains, absurdly hard for the public to gain access to what academics supposedly write for it. The act was harmless—not in the sense of hypothetical damages or the circular logic of deterrence theory (that’s lawyerly logic), but in John Stuart Mill’s sense, meaning that there was no actual physical harm, nor actual economic harm. The leak was found and plugged; JSTOR suffered no actual economic loss. It did not press charges. Like a pie in the face, Swartz’s act was annoying to its victim, but of no lasting consequence.

In this sense, Swartz must be compared to two other eccentric geniuses, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who, in the nineteen-seventies, committed crimes similar to, but more economically damaging than, Swartz’s. Those two men hacked A.T. & T.’s telephone system to make free long-distance calls, and actually sold the illegal devices (blue boxes) to make cash.

Their mentor, John Draper, did go to jail for a few months (where he wrote one of the world’s first word processors), but Jobs and Wozniak were never prosecuted. Instead, they got bored of phreaking and built a computer. The great ones almost always operate at the edge.

That was then. In our age, armed with laws passed in the nineteen-eighties and meant for serious criminals, the federal prosecutor Carmen Ortiz approved a felony indictment that originally demanded up to thirty-five years in prison. Worse still, her legal authority to take down Swartz was shaky. Just last year, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals threw out a similar prosecution. Chief Judge Alex Kozinski, a prominent conservative, refused to read the law in a way that would make a criminal of “everyone who uses a computer in violation of computer use restrictions—which may well include everyone who uses a computer.” Ortiz and her lawyers relied on that reading to target one of our best and brightest. It’s one thing to stretch the law to stop a criminal syndicate or terrorist organization. It’s quite another when prosecuting a reckless young man.

The prosecutors forgot that, as public officials, their job isn’t to try and win at all costs but to use the awesome power of criminal law to protect the public from actual harm. Ortiz has not commented on the case. But, had she been in charge when Jobs and Wozniak were breaking the laws, we might never have had Apple computers. It was at this moment that our legal system and our society utterly failed. Defenders of the prosecution seem to think that anyone charged with a felony must somehow deserve punishment.

That idea can only be sustained without actual exposure to the legal system. Yes, most of the time prosecutors do chase actual wrongdoers, but today our criminal laws are so expansive that most people of any vigor and spirit can be found to violate them in some way. Basically, under American law, anyone interesting is a felon. The prosecutors, not the law, decide who deserves punishment. Today, prosecutors feel they have license to treat leakers of information like crime lords or terrorists. In an age when our frontiers are digital, the criminal system threatens something intangible but incredibly valuable.

It threatens youthful vigor, difference in outlook, the freedom to break some rules and not be condemned or ruined for the rest of your life. Swartz was a passionate eccentric who could have been one of the great innovators and creators of our future.

Now we will never know.' Tim Wu is a professor at Columbia Law School and the author of “.”. 'On Friday, Internet pioneer and open information activist Aaron Swartz. At the time of his death, Swartz was for logging into JSTOR, a database of scholarly articles, and rapidly downloading those articles with the. If Swartz had lived to be convicted of the charges against him, he. To put these charges in perspective, here are ten examples of federal crimes that carry lesser prison sentences than Swartz’ alleged crime of downloading academic articles in an effort to make knowledge widely available to the public: • Manslaughter: Federal law provides that someone who kills another human being “[u]pon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion” if subject to federal jurisdiction. The lesser crime of involuntary manslaughter carries a maximum sentence of only six years.

• Bank Robbery: A person who “by force and violence, or by intimidation” robs a bank faces a. If the criminal “assaults any person, or puts in jeopardy the life of any person by the use of a dangerous weapon or device,” this sentence is upped to a maximum of 25 years.

• Selling Child Pornography: The maximum prison sentence for a first-time offender who “knowingly sells or possesses with intent to sell” child pornography in interstate commerce is. Significantly, the only way to produce child porn is to sexually molest a child, which means that such a criminal is literally profiting off of child rape or sexual abuse. • Knowingly Spreading AIDS: A person who “after testing positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and receiving actual notice of that fact, knowingly donates or sells, or knowingly attempts to donate or sell, blood, semen, tissues, organs, or other bodily fluids for use by another, except as determined necessary for medical research or testing” faces a. • Selling Slaves: Under federal law, a person who willfully sells another person “into any condition of involuntary servitude”, although the penalty can be much higher if the slaver’s actions involve kidnapping, sexual abuse or an attempt to kill. • Genocidal Eugenics: A person who “imposes measures intended to prevent births” within a particular racial, ethnic or religious group or who “subjects the group to conditions of life that are intended to cause the physical destruction of the group in whole or in part” faces a, provided their actions did not result in a death.

• Helping al-Qaeda Develop A Nuclear Weapon: A person who “willfully participates in or knowingly provides material support or resources... To a nuclear weapons program or other weapons of mass destruction program of a foreign terrorist power, or attempts or conspires to do so,.” • Violence At International Airports: Someone who uses a weapon to “perform[] an act of violence against a person at an airport serving international civil aviation that causes or is likely to cause serious bodily injury” faces a if their actions do not result in a death.

• Threatening The President: A person who threatens to kill the President, the President-elect, the Vice President or the Vice President-elect faces a. • Assaulting A Supreme Court Justice: Assaults against very senior government officials, including Members of Congress, cabinet secretaries or Supreme Court justices are. If the assault “involved the use of a dangerous weapon, or personal injury results,” the maximum prison term is 10 years. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS It should be noted that Swartz faced such a stiff sentence because prosecutors arising out of his efforts to download and distribute academic papers. Similarly, a person who robbed a bank, sold a slave, and then rounded out their day by breaking Justice Scalia’s nose would also risk spending the next 50 years in prison, just like Aaron Swartz did. Indeed, if Swartz’s story reveals anything, it is the power of prosecutors to pressure defendants into plea bargains by stringing multiple criminal charges together and threatening outlandish prison sentences. Whatever one thinks of Swartz’s actions, which were, it is difficult to justify treating him as if he were a more dangerous criminal than someone who flies into a rage and kills their own brother.'

'Some comments and analysis from the exciting and fast moving world of Genomics. This blog focusses on next-generation sequencing and microarray technologies, although it is likely to go off on tangents from time-to-time.' Atul Gawande, surgeon and bestseller author: Institute for Emerging Ethics and Technologies: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine: On 3D Bioprinting: The Development Project's blog— For women who make movies. And for the people who love them.. 'The Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) aims to replace the status-quo of one-size-fits-all-medicine with individualized health care that is based on the known genetic factors influencing health and disease and that takes advantage of advances in digital technology for real-time health monitoring': Discovering Biology In A Digital World: Digital Product Design: Being a patient is not easy!

On bowel transplant: Coffee and Sci(ence): Nick Van Terheyden, MD: Voice of the Doctor A new Digital Magazine of ideas and culture, on science, art, nature: - 'Fostering the patient voice in medicine — advocating for health' - Brilliant real life blog of a NHS Ward: The nexus of politics, culture and genetics.

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